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Hava Nagila
“Hava Nagila” ( ''Havah Nagilah'', "Let us rejoice") is an Israeli folk song traditionally sung at Jewish celebrations. It is perhaps the first modern Israeli folk song in the Hebrew language that has become a staple of band performers at Jewish weddings and ''bar/bat mitzvah'' celebrations. It was composed in the 1920s in the British Mandate of Palestine, at a time when Hebrew was first being revived as a spoken language for the first time in 2,000 years (since the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE). For the first time, Jews were being encouraged to speak Hebrew as a common language, instead of Yiddish, Arabic, Ladino, or other regional Jewish languages.
==Origin==
Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, a professor at Hebrew University, began cataloging all known Jewish music and teaching classes in musical composition; one of his students was a promising cantorial student, Moshe Nathanson,〔Nathanson, who later worked in New York, most famously composed the nearly-universal melody that is sung with the ''Birkat Hamazon'' ("Grace After Meals").〕 who (with the rest of his class) was presented by the professor with a 19th-century, slow, melodious, chant (''niggun'' or ''nigun'') and assigned to add rhythm and words to fashion a modern Hebrew song. There are competing claims regarding Hava Nagila's composer, with both Idelsohn and Nathanson being suggested.〔NPR staff, 2013, "Film Hoists 'Hava Nagila' Up Onto A Chair, In Celebration Of Song And Dance." ''NPR'' (online), February 28, 2013, see (), accessed 3 September 2015.〕
The ''niggun'' he presented has been attributed to the Sadigurer Chasidim, who lived in what is now Ukraine,〔 which uses the Phrygian dominant scale common in music of Transylvania. The commonly used text was probably refined by Idelsohn. 〔In an appearance on (BBC Radio 4 ''Desert Island Discs'' on 28 October 2007 ), Idelsohn's grandson Joel Joffe referred to his grandfather as the author of "Hava Nagila", but in the (programme notes ) it says "Composer: Bashir Am Israelim", meaning that either this is an alias for Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, to whom Joffe was clearly referring in the programme, or (more plausibly) the programme notes contain a mistranscription of "Shir Am Yisraeli", meaning "Israeli folksong".〕
In 1918, the song was one of the first songs designed to unite the early Yishuv (enterprise ) that arose after the British victory in Palestine during World War I and the Balfour Declaration, declaring a national Jewish homeland in the lands newly liberated from Turkey by the Allies and entrusted to Britain under the Treaty of Versailles. Although Psalm 118 (verse 24) of the Hebrew Bible may have been a source for the text of "Hava Nagila", the expression of the song and its accompanying ''hora'' ("circle") dance was entirely secular in its outlook.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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